Life Sciences
Valued at $76.1 million in 2018, the Colombian wound care market is projected to generate $93.9 million revenue by 2024, witnessing a CAGR of 3.6% during 2019–2024. ...
The global complementary and alternative medicines market generated $192.0 billion revenue in 2018 and is projected to advance at a CAGR of 6.0% during the forecast period, mainly on account of increasing product launches, rising usage of traditional medicines and therapies, increasing geriatric population, unhealthy lifestyle, and risk of side-effects associated with allopathic medications. ...
The Hong Kong wound dressing market is expected to reach $27.1 million by 2024, registering a CAGR of 5.5% during the forecast period. This growth can be ascribed to the high incidence of traumatic injuries, increasing prevalence of diabetes, surging prevalence of chronic wounds, and growing geriatric population. ...
The global dermacosmetics market generated $52.5 billion revenue in 2018 and is projected to advance at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period, mainly on account of increasing incidence of skin diseases, and rising disposable income across the globe. ...
The “Healthcare Ecosystem Insights” report provides details of the healthcare industry in the U.S., Germany, the U.K., France, China, Japan, and Singapore. The healthcare industry in the U.S. is expected to reach $5,605.5 billion by 2024, registering a CAGR of 6.6% during the forecast period. ...
The global anatomic pathology market generated $17.4 billion revenue in 2018 and is projected to advance at a CAGR of 5.8% during the forecast period, mainly on account of increasing incidence of chronic diseases, rising geriatric population, and advancements in technologies. ...
The North American aromatherapy market generated $714.4 million revenue in 2018, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. ...
The global healthcare insurance market is estimated to generate $1.7 trillion revenue in 2018, and is projected to showcase a CAGR of 4.3% during the forecast period. The growth is primarily attributed to growing geriatric population, rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and increasing GDP and healthcare expenditure, across the globe. ...
Governments’ initiatives to increase electronic medical record adoption, increasing healthcare information technology (HIT) capital investments, growing need to reduce healthcare expenditures and increase patient outcomes, and rising demand of big data in healthcare domain are the major factors driving the growth of the global healthcare analytics market. ...
The global medical coding market is expected to expand during the forecast period, mainly on account of rising number of patients suffering from diseases, increasing number of patients visiting hospitals, implementation of information technology (IT) in healthcare settings, and adoption of medical coding for health insurance claim management. ...
The global hospital/medical vending machines market is predicted to undergo tremendous growth in the coming years, mainly on account of growing requirement of healthy food and drinks options in healthcare settings and rising need for medicine dispensers at public places. ...
The global biobanking services market is expected to broaden during the forecast period, mainly on account of growing prevalence of chronic diseases, use of blood biomarkers in early detection of various types of cancersincreasing genomic research activities for studying diseases, growing trend of conserving cord blood stem cells of newborns, surging government and private funding to support regenerative medicine research, and growing need for cost-effective drug discovery and development. ...
Medical writing is a field that involves the creation of documents for scientific purposes. The demand for medical writing is growing steadily mainly in pharmaceutical and healthcare communication industries. Increase in expiration of patents, and rise in research and regulatory services are some of the major factors driving the growth of the global medical writing market. ...
The Latin American wound dressing market is estimated to generate $309.1 million revenue in 2018; and is further predicted to progress at a CAGR of 4.6% during 2019–2024. Increasing prevalence of chronic wounds, high rate of injuries and trauma cases, rising prevalence of diabetes, and surging geriatric population are driving the market growth in the region. ...
The global chronic pain treatment market generated $69.3 billion revenue in 2017 and is predicted to progress at a CAGR of 6.4% during 2019–2024. Growing geriatric population, increasing government support for pain treatment, and rising prevalence of chronic health conditions are the notable factors driving the market growth. ...
The European DOA testing market generated $1.7 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to witness a CAGR of 9.6% during 2018–2023. Technological advancements in DOA testing products, increasing awareness among youth regarding drug and alcohol addiction problems, and increasing government initiatives are the key factors driving the market growth. ...
The global digital pathology market is projected to showcase extensive growth during the forecast period, mainly due to increasing adoption of digital pathology products to improve the efficiency of laboratories across the globe, and rising government initiatives in collaboration with market players to raise awareness about the advanced digital pathology products and technologies. ...
The European cleanroom technology market was valued at $1,126.6 million in 2017. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period, due to growing prevalence of infectious diseases and increasing demand for cleanroom products in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical devices industries. ...
Due to growing population, increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, and continuous advancements in medical technology; the number of medical interventions including surgeries, preventive screenings, and different types of medical and pathology tests are increasing worldwide. ...
Given the growing amount of all types of medical wastes, globally, and increasing regulatory pressure to properly dispose these wastes in a non-hazardous way, the global medical waste management market is expected to grow at a steady pace in the coming years. Medical waste refers to the waste originated within medical amenities, such as hospitals, clinics, veterinary hospitals/clinics, dental practices, physician's offices, laboratories, pharmaceutical industry, and blood banks. ...
Due to the growing number of healthcare interventions and increasing focus on controlling infections, worldwide, the market for disinfectors is expected to grow steadily in the coming years. Disinfection is an essential procedure which is performed to control infections in the healthcare facilities and is carried out with the help of several types of disinfectors which includes washer, flusher, and endoscope reprocessor. ...
The global medical carts market is projected to witness significant growth during the forecast period; owing to the increasing number of technological advancements, and rising focus on improving patient safety and nursing efficiency. In terms of product, the market is categorized into mobile computing carts, wall-mounted workstations, medication carts, and medical storage columns, cabinets, and accessories. ...
The global anti-aging market size was valued at $165.2 billion in 2017. It is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period. Increasing number of anti-aging seminars, conferences, and campaigns; surge in geriatric population; rising disposable income; and technological advancements in anti-aging products and devices are the factors driving the growth of the global market. ...
The global at-home DOA testing market generated $483.6 million revenue in 2017 and is predicted to progress at a CAGR of 9.6% during 2018–2023. Growing illicit drugs use amongst teenagers, rising number of initiatives by the government organizations to reduce the drug abuse levels, and increased production of synthetic cannabinoids, bath salts, and other emerging drugs are boosting the demand for at-home DOA testing products in the market. ...
The global adhesion barrier market size was valued at $541.3 million in 2017 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 7.5% during the forecast period. The market growth is mainly driven by the increasing volume of surgeries, rise in geriatric population, and advancements in technology. ...
The global telemedicine market generated $21.5 billion revenue in 2017 and is predicted to progress at a CAGR of 14.8% during 2018–2023. Increasing prevalence of chronic and lifestyle associated diseases, rising healthcare cost, increasing government funding and grants for telemedicine, increasing number of smart phone users, consistent need for improved healthcare quality services, and surging demand for selfcare in remote location are the factors driving the market growth. ...
The global wound dressing market generated $11.4 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to witness a CAGR of 7.2% during 2018 – 2023. The market growth is mainly led by the increasing volume of surgeries; rising number of road accidents; surge in the number of burn cases; growing incidence of chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers and venous ulcers; and rising prevalence of diabetes. ...
The global scar treatment market generated $19.2 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to witness a CAGR of 10.5% during 2018 - 2023, due to the increasing prevalence of skin diseases, rise in the number of road accidents, increasing number of surgical procedures performed, technological advancements in scar treatment products, increasing awareness among people about various scar treatments, and increase in disposable income leading to rise in spending on personal care. ...
The U.S. scar treatment market generated $6.3 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to witness a CAGR of 10.4% during the 2018 - 2023, due to increasing number of surgeries for the improvement of physical appearance, growing prevalence of skin problems that lead to scar formation, increasing expenditure on personal care, and technological advancements in dermatological products. ...
The global surgical site infection market generated $4.0 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to witness a CAGR of 6.4% during the forecast period, on account of the rising incidence of SSIs, increasing number of surgical procedures, development of technologically advanced products, and growing geriatric population. ...
The global sleeping aids market generated $69.5 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to showcase a CAGR of 6.5% during 2018–2023, due to the growing prevalence of insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) disorders, rising use of portable sleep apnea devices, increasing government support for start-up companies, growing healthcare facilities, surge in demand for sleeping pills attributed to stressful modern lifestyle, and increasing geriatric population. ...
The global aromatherapy market generated $1.2 billion revenue in 2017 and is projected to showcase a CAGR of 9.4% during the forecast period, due to the rising awareness about the therapeutic use of essential oils, increasing consumer preference toward natural products, and increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases. ...
The Middle East dermal fillers market is estimated to be valued at $34.3 million in 2017 and is projected for CAGR of 11.9% during the forecast period. Growing aging population, increasing awareness about age related skin problems, thriving medical tourism industry, and increase in disposable income are driving the growth of the dermal fillers market. ...
The global artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare market is expected to observe an extensive growth in the coming years, led by growing need for precision medicine, increasing application of big data in healthcare industry, and rising need for coordination between healthcare workforce and patients. ...
The global cancer gene therapy market is expected to attain lucrative growth in the forecast period mainly due to rise in funding for R&D activities for cancer gene therapy, increasing prevalence of cancer, and rapid technological advancements being witnessed in the market. Gene therapy is used for the treatment of cancer, where a functional gene is inserted into the cells of a patient to correct a genetic abnormality and provide new function to the cells. ...
The Asia-Pacific sleeping aids market size was $9.3 billion in 2015 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 6.6% during the period 2016-2022. Various type of sleeping disorders such as sleep apnea, insomnia, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy and sleep walking require some or the other type of sleeping aids intervention. Sleeping aids for sleep apnea held the largest share in the Asia-Pacific market in ...
The European sleeping aids market was valued at $14.8 billion in 2015 and is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% during 2016-2022. Various sleep disorders are hampering the lives of people in the region, due to increasing tobacco and alcohol consumption, rising aging population, growing population base working in night shifts and changing lifestyle habits of the Europeans. Sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, sleep walking and others greatly affect the population base in the ...
The Latin America (LATAM) scar treatment market size was valued at $1,052.4 million in 2017, which is expected to reach $1,797.5 million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 9.4% during the forecast period (2018-2023). ...
The global medication adherence market size was valued at $1.6 billion in 2016, and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 12.3% during the forecast period. The market will be led by software centric products, in terms of size, while hardware centric products are expected to witness the fastest growth. Software centric products held a larger share in the global market, since these products are low cost and easily accessible, as compared to hardware centric products. ...
The Europe scar treatment market size was valued at $5.2 billion in 2016, which is expected to reach $9.8 billion by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 9.6% during the forecast period (2017-2023). Topical scar treatment is expected to witness highest growth during the forecast period in the European scar treatment market due to increasing disposable income, rising prevalence of chronic wounds and availability of different types of topical scar treatment products. ...
The cleanroom technology market size in 2016 was calculated at $3.4 billion, and it is further expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.7% in the forecast period (2017–2023). ...
The global drug of abuse testing market size was valued at $4.8 billion in 2016, and it is forecasted to grow at 9.6% CAGR during 2017-2023. Vendors in the global market offer drug of abuse testing products such as consumable and equipment, with consumable being the larger contributor to the market in 2016, since consumables including rapid test kits and assay kits & reagents, can be quickly made available for the on-site testing of the drugs. ...
Drugs that are applied to a local area on the body are known as topical drugs. Many creams and balms that are used for skin treatment are frequently called topical drug. Topical drug delivery market offers an alternative drug delivery system to treat many diseases and related conditions such as psoriasis, ringworm, rashes & blisters and others. The topical drug delivery has turned out to be progressively essential in the pharmaceutical industry. Eye drops for ophthalmic use and various drugs utilized for inw...
Fibrin glue is a type of tissue adhesive derived from animal and/or human source, and is mainly used for blood coagulation, healing of wounds, stopping hemorrhage and sealing tissues. Fibrin glue is composed of fibrinogen (lyophilized pooled human concentrate) and thrombin (bovine, which is reconstituted with calcium chloride), and is used to heal wound tissue, and to provide hemostasis and tissue adhesion. ...
Molecular biology kits & reagents, and enzymes are the products used to perform cloning, RNA analysis, DNA sequencing, protein analysis, DNA isolation, RNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These products are commonly used to perform various diagnostic tests, molecular tests, genetic analysis and help in drug discovery and development. Molecular biology products are associated with the fields of cell biology, biochemistry and genetics, allowing scientists to understand the cellular systems better with mo...
The global urinalysis market is witnessing considerable growth due to increasing prevalence of diabetes, increasing geriatric population, increasing prevalence of kidney diseases and growing urinary tract infections (UTI). Moreover, increasing healthcare expenditure increases the affordability of patients leading to the increased sales of urinalysis products, supporting the growth of the market. Based on product, the consumables segment is expected to grow ...
The global uterine fibroid treatment market is witnessing considerable growth due to increasing female geriatric population, increasing healthcare expenditure, increasing prevalence of obesity, launch of technologically advanced fibroid treatment products and growing popularity of minimally invasive treatments. Moreover, growing prevalence of hormonal disorders or hormonal imbalance leading to fibroid formation is supporting the growth of the market. ...
The global biosurgery market is witnessing considerable growth due to increasing geriatric population, increasing healthcare expenditure and growing sports related injuries. Moreover, growing prevalence of chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, and nephrological diseases is supporting the growth of the market. Based on product type, the surgical sealants segment is ...
The global blood collection market is witnessing considerable growth due to increasing geriatric population, increasing number of accidental cases and growing surgical procedures. Moreover, growing prevalence of chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus, and infectious diseases is supporting the growth of the market. Based on product type, the blood collection needle ...
The global cartilage repair market is witnessing considerable growth due to increasing geriatric population, increasing obesity, increasing healthcare expenditure, and growing sports related injuries. Moreover, increase in innovative product launches and growth of medical tourism leading to awareness about the cartilage treatment modalities across the globe is supporting the growth of the market. Based on the treatment modalities, cell-based approaches ...
The global cold pain therapy market is witnessing considerable growth due to increasing geriatric population, increasing healthcare expenditure and growing awareness about cold pain therapy products. Moreover, increase in innovative product launches, increase in road accidents and sport related injuries across the globe is supporting the growth of the market. Based on product, the OTC based product segment lead the global cold pain therapy ...
The global wound closure products market was worth $9,517.1 million in 2015 and it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% during 2016-2022. Among the various wound closure product types, the sutures segment held the largest share in the global market in 2015. Among the various applications, cardiovascular segment held the largest share in the global market in 2015. The global wound closure products market is witnessing high growth due to increasing geriatric population, increasing road accidents ...
The global single-cell analysis market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 18.1% during the forecast period (2016–2022). ...
The global nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) therapeutics market is expected to witness significant growth due to current unmet medical need of NASH, scarcity of the permanent treatment of the disease, increasing prevalence of obesity, and high demand for safe and effective medication. The regulatory bodies are supporting the NASH market by providing designations and funding for speeding up the drug development process. In March 2015, obeticholic ...
In 2015, the global wound care market was valued at $24,482.9 million and is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 6.7% during 2016–2022. The factors driving the growth of the market include the increasing road accidents, burn cases, geriatric population, volume of surgeries, and incidences of chronic wounds. ...
The global biomaterial market size is projected to cross $175.9 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 16.1% during the forecast period. The market is growing due to the growing geriatric population, increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, technological advancements and growing implantable devices market. ...
The global advanced wound care market was valued at $10,659.6 million in 2015 and is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 7.0% during the forecast period (2016–2022). ...
The global cleanroom doors market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% during 2016-2022. The global cleanroom doors market is witnessing high growth due to the surging pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical devices industry across the globe. ...
The global cleanroom consumables market was worth $7,938.7 million in 2015 and it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.7% during 2016-2022. Among the various cleanroom consumables type, the gloves segment held the largest share 30% in the global market in 2015. Among the various end-user, the electronic industry held the largest share in the global market in 2015. The global cleanroom consumables market is witnessing high growth due to of the surging pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry across the globe. In addition, t...
The global medical gases and equipment market size is projected to reach $21.6 billion by 2022, growing at a CAGR of 8.0% during the forecast period. The market is driven by factors, such as increasing healthcare expenditure, growing geriatric population, increasing prevalence of chronic and lifestyle associated diseases. ...
The growing need for reducing surgical expenditure has led to increasing demand for products that are able to improve the therapeutic outcome, and decrease the hospital stay tenure, which is majorly responsible for driving the growth of the global wound closure device market. On the basis of type, the global wound closure device market is segmented into mechanical stapling device, ligating clips, wound closure strips and others. ...
The global medication management market size is expected to reach $4.3 billion by 2020, registering a CAGR of 26.1% during the period 2015-2020. ...
The increasing R&D investments from pharmaceutical companies and extensive drug pipelines for the treatment of various chronic diseases, such as immunological disorders, metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders, are the predominant growth drivers for the global healthcare contract research organization (CRO) market. Additionally, the increasing outsourcing of pharmaceutical ...
The global anti-microbial coating for medical devices market is growing, due to increasing number of hospitals and surgical centers, increasing number of free trade agreements, and technological advancement, such as nanocomposite coating technology, novel coating technology and parylene technology. The metallic coating segment is expected to dominate the market ...
The global smoking cessation market is growing due to growing awareness about health problems associated with smoking and growing acceptance rate of smoking cessation products. On the basis of products, the electronic cigarette segment is expected to grow with the fastest rate during the forecasted period. Nicotine gums led the nicotine replacement therapy market; however, the ...
The increasing prevalence of various blood clotting disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), hemophilia and thrombophilia, and growing aging population around the world are the predominant growth drivers for the global coagulation testing market. Additionally, the technological advancements in coagulation testing devices and initiatives taken by various ...
The global point-of-care diagnostics market is witnessing growth, due to miniaturization of point-of-care testing devices, technological advancement of point-of-care devices, and healthcare decentralization. Based on product, the glucose monitoring kits segment is the largest contributor to the global point-of-care diagnostics market, due to increasing prevalence of lifestyle ...
The global disposable plastic blood bag market is expected to attain a market size of $484.5 million by 2020, witnessing a CAGR of 9.2% during the forecast period. ...
The global bone graft market is growing due to the advancements in the bone graft techniques, and extensive research and development activities. The increasing healthcare provider’s compliance for bone graft techniques in the emerging economies is creating abundant opportunities for the growth of the global bone graft market. The advanced research and development ...
The global tumor ablation market is growing considerably, due to increasing awareness of ablation procedure over other surgical and conventional procedures, and increasing demand for minimally invasive cancer treatment procedure. The increasing investment in research and development to introduce novel therapies, such as chemo therapy and radiation therapy, are creating ...
The global animal antimicrobials and antibiotics market is growing significantly due to the increasing companion animal ownership, large scale livestock production, and high incidences of animal diseases outbreaks. The increasing demand for pet animals and massive unexplored market in the emerging economies, such as India and China are creating ample opportunities ...
The global healthcare business process outsourcing (BPO) market is witnessing significant growth, due to technological advancements in healthcare IT sector and increasing demand for reducing healthcare costs. The tenth revision of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems (ICD-10), emergence of biologics and massive unexplored ...
The global surgical sealants and adhesive market is significantly growing, due to technological advancements, extensive research and development activities, and up surging academic and government research for medical devices. The massive unexplored market in the surgical sealants and adhesives industry of the developing economies is creating abundant growth ...
The global metabolic testing market is significantly growing due to up surging technological advancements, and massive research and development in metabolic testing. The massive unexplored market in the metabolic testing industry of the developing economies is creating abundant growth opportunities for the metabolic testing market to ...
The global pharmacovigilance market is growing significantly due to increasing concern for drug safety, increasing incidences of adverse drug reactions and toxicity, and high patient compliance for drug usage. In addition, government and non-government organizations are actively involved in determining drug safety and efficacy, which in turn is supporting growth of global ...
The global disposable gloves market is growing significantly due to increasing awareness about hand hygiene and patient safety among healthcare providers and patients, and high incidences of communicable diseases. Several government and non-governmental organizations are actively promoting and funding campaigns aimed at encouraging the use of disposable gloves ...
The global weight management market is growing significantly due to escalating technological advancement, increasing innovation in weight management ingredients, and increasing prevalence of obesity. According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2009-10, more than 78 million U.S. adults were obese. Similarly, as per World Health ...
The global tissue diagnostics market is growing significantly due to increasing prevalence of cancer, and technological advancements in tissue diagnostics. Massive unexplored tissue diagnostics market in emerging economies and lack of efficient diagnostic procedures are creating ample opportunities for the global tissue diagnostics market to grow at a considerable rate in ...
The global healthcare/medical simulation market is growing significantly due to technological advancements and increasing demand for minimally invasive procedures. Massive unexplored healthcare/medical simulation market in emerging economies and lack of service providers are creating ample opportunities for the global healthcare/medical simulation market to grow at a ...
The global biosimulation market is growing significantly due to technological advancements and increasing research and development investment in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Low success rate of drug approval and emerging software applications of biosimulation technology are creating ample opportunities for the global biosimulation technology ...
The global medical robots market is growing significantly due to increasing demand for minimally invasive surgeries with the help of robots in the industry. Moreover, rising need for errorless surgeries are expected to support the growth of the medical robots market. Massive unexplored market in medical robots industry of developing economies are creating ample opportunities for the ...
The global medical tourism market is growing significantly due to high cost of healthcare expenditure in developed countries. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 750,000 U.S. people travel out of the country for medical care each year. In addition, rise in aging population, reduced cost of procedure in developing countries, and high standards of ...
The hospital infection therapeutics market is increasing at a significant rate, due to high susceptibility of neonatal population in healthcare setting and high occurrence of numerous hospital infections. Increasing incidences of hospital infections, high number of pipeline drug molecules for specific treatment of healthcare associated infections and high unaddressed needs in most of the ...
Acute ischemic stroke refers to a sudden loss of certain brain function owing to uneven or lack of blood to the brain. Acute ischemic functions are mainly triggered by atherosclerosis plaques blocking blood vessels, blood clots locking the blood distribution to or from arteries nourishing the brain, or narrowing of blood vessels of the brain. Acute ischemic stroke is one of the ...
Cervical cancer diagnostic tests are used widely for detection of the precancerous or cancerous lesions in the cervix of a female. The cervical cancer diagnostics is the initial screening of the patients, done through Pap smear and HPV testing, in the next stage colposcopy and biopsy are used to further confirm the furthers. After the diagnosis performed successfully the patients then goes ...
ADME stands for absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of the drug and chemicals define their nature in a human body. These four methods define the impact of a specific drug or chemical to the human tissues. Toxicology testing is an important phenomenon before introducing new medicine to the market. ADME toxicology facilitated pharmaceutical manufacturing company ...
A soft tissue injury is the damage of ligaments, muscles and tendons of hip, knee, shoulder and elbow joint. A soft tissue injury usually occurs from a strain, sprain and continuous use of a particular part of the body and it can result in swelling, pain, bruising and loss of function. To cure soft tissue injury, the soft tissue repair procedure is used. On any soft tissue injury, ...
Increasing infections and related diseases due to blood transfusion and blood donation are some of the major concerns in healthcare arena. Infectious diseases through blood transfusions occur due to the presence of microorganism, such as bacteria, virus and others parasites, in blood of donors which reach to receivers and infect their blood. Hepatitis and Acquired ...
