Saudi Arabia District Cooling Market Trends & Growth Drivers
Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Is Key Trend
As it must cater to huge spaces and multiple built units, district cooling is an energy-intensive technology. Moreover, even though fossil fuels are easily available in the kingdom, the government is trying to shift away from them towards cleaner sources of electricity.
The government targets the installation of 150 Gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy capacity by 2030, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 278 million tonnes each year. Under the targets, 40 GW of wind capacity and 58.7 GW of solar capacity is to be commissioned by the end of this decade. Since cooling is one of the most energy-intensive application in the country, feeding energy generated from these sources to DHC systems enable a considerable emission reduction.
District cooling systems in the kingdom are being further being enhanced by integrating them with thermal energy storage. This technology collects electricity during off-peak hours to power a heat exchanger and releases the cooling energy when the demand is high, primarily during the day. By using the electricity stored during off-peak durations, the load on power plants during peak demand periods reduces significantly.
TES-integrated DHC has already been commissioned at the under-development Red Sea Project. Chillers are powered by solar energy at night; therefore, they produce more cooling energy than needed. This energy is stored in a massive TES and released whenever demand rises.
Rampant Infrastructure Development Is Biggest Market Driver
The Saudi Arabian district cooling market is primarily driven by the large scale of infrastructure development across the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. As per reports, USD 1.5 trillion worth of construction projects are either underway or planned in the kingdom. The biggest among them is the USD 500-billion NEOM, a smart city being constructed on 26,500 square kilometres of land.
Other mega projects under various stages of execution are The Red Sea Project, Diriyah Gate, King Abdullah Financial District, and Qiddiya, all part of the Vision 2030. These projects will comprise thousands of industrial, commercial and residential premises, all of which will require year-round space and process cooling.
For instance, the King Salman Park Foundation contracted Saudi Tabreed to set up a district cooling plant at the park with a capacity of 60,000 thousand tonnes of refrigeration (TR). Similarly, a 21,000-TR district cooling plant is to come up in Medina, for which City Cool, ADC Energy Systems and Johnson Controls Arabia have been contracted. In all, the Saudi government targets a 3-million-TR capacity by 2030.
High Initial Investment Could Slow Down Market Advance
The high capital required to set up DHC plants could pose challenges in the growth of the market. Such infrastructure is composed of several heavy-duty, high-capacity systems, such as centralised cooling units, long insulated pipelines (often laid underground), massive heat exchangers and high-output compressors.
Moreover, to achieve the maximum cooling and energy efficiency, these systems must be integrated with a range of sensors that communicate real-time data to building management systems. This is why district cooling plants can only be set up at the administrative level, with the initiation and financial support of municipal councils in major cities, provincial governments and the crown. Land acquisition and development are another problem, apart from the fact that these plants are unviable for individual buildings.