North America Electric Scooter and Motorcycle Market Outlook by Type (Motorcycle, Scooter, Kick Scooter), Battery Capacity (<5 kWh, 5–10 kWh, 10–15 kWh, >15 kWh), Battery (Lead Acid, Lithium-Ion), Application (Sharing Services, Food and Grocery, Personal Users) - Industry Revenue Estimation and Demand Forecast to 2030

Chapter 1. Research Scope

1.1. Research Objectives

1.2. Market Definition

1.3. Analysis Period

1.4. Market Size Breakdown by Segments

1.4.1. Market size breakdown, by type

1.4.2. Market size breakdown, by battery capacity

1.4.3. Market size breakdown, by battery

1.4.4. Market size breakdown, by application

1.4.5. Market size breakdown, by country

1.5. Market Data Reporting Unit

1.5.1. Volume

1.5.2. Value

1.6. Key Stakeholders

Chapter 2. Research Methodology

2.1. Secondary Research

2.1.1. Paid

2.1.2. Unpaid

2.1.3. P&S Intelligence database

2.2. Primary Research

2.3. Market Size Estimation

2.4. Data Triangulation

2.5. Currency Conversion Rates

2.6. Assumptions for the Study

2.7. Notes and Caveats

Chapter 3. Executive Summary

Chapter 4. Voice of Industry Experts/KOLs

Chapter 5. Market Indicators

Chapter 6. Industry Outlook

6.1. Market Dynamics

6.1.1. Trends

6.1.2. Drivers

6.1.3. Restraints/challenges

6.1.4. Impact analysis of drivers/restraints

6.2. Impact of COVID-19

6.3. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

6.3.1. Bargaining power of buyers

6.3.2. Bargaining power of suppliers

6.3.3. Threat of new entrants

6.3.4. Intensity of rivalry

6.3.5. Threat of substitutes

Chapter 7. North America Market

7.1. Overview

7.2. Market Volume, by Type (2017–2030)

7.3. Market Revenue, by Type (2017–2030)

7.4. Market Volume, by Battery Capacity (2017–2030)

7.5. Market Revenue, by Battery Capacity (2017–2030)

7.6. Market Volume, by Battery (2017–2030)

7.7. Market Revenue, by Battery (2017–2030)

7.8. Market Volume, by Application (2017–2030)

7.9. Market Revenue, by Application (2017–2030)

7.10. Market Volume, by Country (2017–2030)

7.11. Market Revenue, by Country (2017–2030)

Chapter 8. U.S. Market

8.1. Overview

8.2. Market Volume, by Type (2017–2030)

8.3. Market Revenue, by Type (2017–2030)

8.4. Market Volume, by Battery Capacity (2017–2030)

8.5. Market Revenue, by Battery Capacity (2017–2030)

8.6. Market Volume, by Battery (2017–2030)

8.7. Market Revenue, by Battery (2017–2030)

8.8. Market Volume, by Application (2017–2030)

8.9. Market Revenue, by Application (2017–2030)

Chapter 9. Canada Market

9.1. Overview

9.2. Market Volume, by Type (2017–2030)

9.3. Market Revenue, by Type (2017–2030)

9.4. Market Volume, by Battery Capacity (2017–2030)

9.5. Market Revenue, by Battery Capacity (2017–2030)

9.6. Market Volume, by Battery (2017–2030)

9.7. Market Revenue, by Battery (2017–2030)

9.8. Market Volume, by Application (2017–2030)

9.9. Market Revenue, by Application (2017–2030)

Chapter 10. Competitive Landscape

10.1. List of Market Players and their Offerings

10.2. Competitive Benchmarking of Key Players

10.3. Product Benchmarking of Key Players

10.4. Recent Strategic Developments

Chapter 11. Company Profiles

11.1. KTM AG

11.1.1. Business overview

11.1.2. Product and service offerings

11.1.3. Key financial summary

11.2. Harley-Davidson Inc.

11.2.1. Business overview

11.2.2. Product and service offerings

11.2.3. Key financial summary

11.3. Razor USA LLC

11.3.1. Business overview

11.3.2. Product and service offerings

11.4. Segway Inc.

11.4.1. Business overview

11.4.2. Product and service offerings

11.5. Zero Motorcycles Inc.

11.5.1. Business overview

11.5.2. Product and service offerings

11.6. Energica Motor Company S.p.A.

11.6.1. Business overview

11.6.2. Product and service offerings

11.6.3. Key financial summary

11.7. Lightning Motors Corporation

11.7.1. Business overview

11.7.2. Product and service offerings

11.8. Bell Custom Cycles

11.8.1. Business overview

11.8.2. Product and service offerings

11.9. BMW AG

11.9.1. Business overview

11.9.2. Product and service offerings

11.9.3. Key financial summary

11.10. Niu Technologies

11.10.1. Business overview

11.10.2. Product and service offerings

11.10.3. Key financial summary

11.11. Piaggio & C. SpA

11.11.1. Business overview

11.11.2. Product and service offerings

11.11.3. Key financial summary

11.12. Honda Motor Co. Ltd.

11.12.1. Business overview

11.12.2. Product and service offerings

11.12.3. Key financial summary

Chapter 12. Appendix

12.1. Abbreviations

12.2. Sources and References

12.3. Related Reports

 

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 ANALYSIS PERIOD OF THE STUDY

TABLE 2 DRIVERS FOR THE MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS

TABLE 3 RESTRAINTS FOR THE MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS

TABLE 4 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 5 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 6 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 8 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 9 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 10 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 14 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 15 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 16 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 17 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 18 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 19 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 20 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 22 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 23 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 24 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 25 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 26 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 27 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 28 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 29 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 30 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 31 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 32 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 33 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 34 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 35 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 36 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 37 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 38 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 39 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 40 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 41 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 42 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 43 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 44 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 45 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 46 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 47 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 48 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 49 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 50 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 51 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 52 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 53 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 54 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 55 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 56 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 57 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 58 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 59 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 60 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 61 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 62 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 63 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 64 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 65 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 66 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 67 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 68 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 69 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 70 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 71 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 72 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 73 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 74 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 75 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 76 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2017–2022)

TABLE 77 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2023–2026)

TABLE 78 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2027–2030)

TABLE 79 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2017–2022)

TABLE 80 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2023–2026)

TABLE 81 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2027–2030)

TABLE 82 KTM AG – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 83 KTM AG – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 84 HARLEY-DAVIDSON INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 85 HARLEY-DAVIDSON INC. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 86 RAZOR USA LLC – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 87 SEGWAY INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 88 ZERO MOTORCYCLES INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 89 ENERGICA MOTOR COMPANY S.P.A. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 90 ENERGICA MOTOR COMPANY S.P.A. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 91 LIGHTNING MOTORS CORPORATION – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 92 BELL CUSTOM CYCLES – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 93 BMW AG – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 94 BMW AG – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 95 NIU TECHNOLOGIES – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 96 NIU TECHNOLOGIES – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 97 PIAGGIO & C. SPA – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 98 PIAGGIO & C. SPA – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 99 HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 100 HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

 

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG 1 MARKET SIZE BREAKDOWN BY SEGMENT

FIG 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

FIG 3 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH, BY COUNTRY

FIG 4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH, BY DESIGNATION

FIG 5 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH, BY COMPANY TYPE

FIG 6 DATA TRIANGULATION APPROACH

FIG 7 CURRENCY CONVERSION RATES FOR USD (2022)

FIG 8 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET SUMMARY

FIG 9 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

FIG 10 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS

FIG 11 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS

FIG 12 INTENSITY OF RIVALRY

FIG 13 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES

FIG 14 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIG 15 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 16 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 17 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 18 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 19 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 20 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 21 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 22 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 23 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 24 NORTH AMERICA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 25 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 26 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 27 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 28 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 29 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 30 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 31 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 32 U.S. ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 33 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 34 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 35 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 36 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY CAPACITY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 37 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 38 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY BATTERY, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 39 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, UNITS (2017–2030)

FIG 40 CANADA ELECTRIC SCOOTERS AND MOTORCYCLES MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2017–2030)

FIG 41 KTM AG – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)

FIG 42 HARLEY-DAVIDSON INC. – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)

FIG 43 ENERGICA MOTOR COMPANY S.P.A. – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)

FIG 44 BMW AG – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)

FIG 45 NIU TECHNOLOGIES – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)

FIG 46 PIAGGIO & C. SPA – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)

FIG 47 HONDA MOTOR CO. LTD. – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2022)