Carrier Screening Market Research Report: By Type (Expanded Carrier Screening, Targeted Carrier Screening), Application (Cystic Fibrosis, Thalassemia, Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Sickle Cell Disease, Fragile X Syndrome), Technology (DNA Sequencing, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microarray), End User (Hospitals, Laboratories, Clinics) - Global Industry Analysis and Growth Forecast to 2030

Chapter 1. Research Background

1.1 Research Objectives

1.2 Market Definition

1.3 Research Scope

1.3.1 Market Segmentation by Type

1.3.2 Market Segmentation by End User

1.3.3 Market Segmentation by Application

1.3.4 Market Segmentation by Technology

1.3.5 Market Segmentation by Region

1.3.6 Analysis Period

1.3.7 Market Data Reporting Unit

1.4 Key Stakeholders

Chapter 2. Research Methodology

2.1 Secondary Research

2.1.1 Paid

2.1.2 Unpaid

2.2 Primary Research

2.2.1 Split of Primary Research Information

2.2.1.1 By method

2.2.2 Breakdown of Primary Research Respondents

2.2.2.1 By region

2.2.2.2 By industry participant

2.2.2.3 By company type

2.2.3 Breakdown of Primary Research by Company and Designation

2.3 Baseline Methodology

2.4 Market Size Estimation

2.5 KOLs’ Sources

2.6 Data Triangulation

2.7 Assumptions for the Study

Chapter 3. Executive Summary

Chapter 4. Introduction

4.1 Definition of Market Segments

4.1.1 By Type

4.1.1.1 Expanded carrier screening

4.1.1.2 Targeted carrier screening

4.1.2 By End User

4.1.2.1 Hospitals

4.1.2.2 Laboratories

4.1.2.3 Clinics

4.1.2.4 Others

4.1.3 By Application

4.1.3.1 Cystic fibrosis

4.1.3.2 Thalassemia

4.1.3.3 SMA

4.1.3.4 SCD

4.1.3.5 Fragile X syndrome

4.1.3.6 Others

4.1.4 By Technology

4.1.4.1 DNA sequencing

4.1.4.2 PCR

4.1.4.3 Microarray

4.2 Market Dynamics

4.2.1 Trends

4.2.1.1 Growing number of acquisitions

4.2.2 Drivers

4.2.2.1 Increasing case of genetic diseases

4.2.2.2 Growing affordability and availability

4.2.2.3 Increasing advanced product launches

4.2.2.4 Impact analysis of drivers on market forecast

4.2.3 Restraints

4.2.3.1 Technical challenges

4.2.3.2 Lack of interest and knowledge among general public

4.2.3.3 Impact analysis of restraints on market forecast

4.3 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

4.3.1 Bargaining Power of Buyers

4.3.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers

4.3.3 Intensity of Rivalry

4.3.4 Threat of New Entrants

4.3.5 Threat of Substitutes

Chapter 5. Global Market Size and Forecast

5.1 By Type

5.2 By End User

5.3 By Application

5.4 By Technology

5.5 By Region

Chapter 6. North America Market Size and Forecast

6.1 By Type

6.2 By End User

6.3 By Application

6.4 By Technology

6.5 By Country

Chapter 7. Europe Market Size and Forecast

7.1 By Type

7.2 By End User

7.3 By Application

7.4 By Technology

7.5 By Country

Chapter 8. APAC Market Size and Forecast

8.1 By Type

8.2 By End User

8.3 By Application

8.4 By Technology

8.5 By Country

Chapter 9. LATAM Market Size and Forecast

9.1 By Type

9.2 By End User

9.3 By Application

9.4 By Technology

9.5 By Country

Chapter 10. MEA Market Size and Forecast

10.1 By Type

10.2 By End User

10.3 By Application

10.4 By Technology

10.5 By Country

Chapter 11. Major Markets: Segment Analysis

11.1 U.S.

11.1.1 By Type

11.1.2 By Application

11.2 Canada

11.2.1 By Type

11.2.2 By Application

11.3 Germany

11.3.1 By Type

11.3.2 By Application

11.4 France

11.4.1 By Type

11.4.2 By Application

11.5 U.K.

11.5.1 By Type

11.5.2 By Application

11.6 Italy

11.6.1 By Type

11.6.2 By Application

11.7 Spain

11.7.1 By Type

11.7.2 By Application

11.8 China

11.8.1 By Type

11.8.2 By Application

11.9 Japan

11.9.1 By Type

11.9.2 By Application

11.10 India

11.10.1 By Type

11.10.2 By Application

Chapter 12. Competitive Landscape

12.1 List of Players and Their Offerings

12.2 Market Share Analysis of Key Players

12.3 Competitive Benchmarking of Key Players

12.4 Global Strategic Developments in the Market

12.4.1 Mergers, Acquisitions, and Investments

12.4.2 Product and Service Launches

12.4.3 Partnerships

Chapter 13. Company Profiles

13.1 Invitae Corporation

13.1.1 Business Overview

13.1.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.1.3 Key Financial Summary

13.2 Illumina Inc.

13.2.1 Business Overview

13.2.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.2.3 Key Financial Summary

13.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.

13.3.1 Business Overview

13.3.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.3.3 Key Financial Summary

13.4 Otogenetics Corporation

13.4.1 Business Overview

13.4.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.5 Myriad Genetics Inc.

13.5.1 Business Overview

13.5.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.5.3 Key Financial Summary

13.6 Luminex Corporation

13.6.1 Business Overview

13.6.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.6.3 Key Financial Summary

13.7 Gene By Gene Ltd.

13.7.1 Business Overview

13.7.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.8 MedGenome Inc.

13.8.1 Business Overview

13.8.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.9 Natera Inc.

13.9.1 Business Overview

13.9.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.9.3 Key Financial Summary

13.10 Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings

13.10.1 Business Overview

13.10.2 Product and Service Offerings

13.10.3 Key Financial Summary

13.11 Mount Sinai Genomics Inc.

13.11.1 Business Overview

13.11.2 Product and Service Offerings

Chapter 14. Appendix

14.1 Abbreviations

14.2 Sources and References

14.3 Related Reports

 

LIST OF TABLES

 

TABLE 1 ANALYSIS PERIOD OF THE STUDY

TABLE 2 DRIVERS FOR THE MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS

TABLE 3 RESTRAINTS FOR THE MARKET: IMPACT ANALYSIS

TABLE 4 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 5 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 6 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 7 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 8 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 9 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 10 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 11 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 12 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY REGION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 13 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY REGION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 14 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 15 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 16 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 17 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 18 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 19 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 20 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 22 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 23 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 24 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 25 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 26 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 27 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 28 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 29 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 30 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 31 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 32 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 33 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 34 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 35 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 36 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 37 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 38 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 39 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 40 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 41 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 42 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 43 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 44 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 45 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 46 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 47 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 48 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 49 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 50 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 51 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 52 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 53 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 54 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 55 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 56 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 57 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 58 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 59 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 60 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 61 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 62 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 63 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 64 U.S. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 65 U.S. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 66 U.S. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 67 U.S. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 68 CANADA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 69 CANADA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 70 CANADA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 71 CANADA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 72 GERMANY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 73 GERMANY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 74 GERMANY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 75 GERMANY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 76 FRANCE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 77 FRANCE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 78 FRANCE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 79 FRANCE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 80 U.K. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 81 U.K. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 82 U.K. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 83 U.K. CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 84 ITALY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 85 ITALY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 86 ITALY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 87 ITALY CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 88 SPAIN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 89 SPAIN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 90 SPAIN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 91 SPAIN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 92 CHINA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 93 CHINA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 94 CHINA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 95 CHINA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 96 JAPAN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 97 JAPAN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 98 JAPAN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 99 JAPAN CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 100 INDIA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 101 INDIA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 102 INDIA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2024)

TABLE 103 INDIA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2025–2030)

TABLE 104 LIST OF PLAYERS AND THEIR OFFERINGS

TABLE 105 COMPETITIVE BENCHMARKING OF KEY PLAYERS (2023)

TABLE 106 INVITAE CORPORATION – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 107 INVITAE CORPORATION – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 108 ILLUMINA INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 109 ILLUMINA INC. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 110 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 111 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 112 OTOGENETICS CORPORATION – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 113 MYRIAD GENETICS INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 114 MYRIAD GENETICS INC. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 115 LUMINEX CORPORATION – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 116 LUMINEX CORPORATION – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 117 GENE BY GENE LTD. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 118 MEDGENOME INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 119 NATERA INC. – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 120 NATERA INC. – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 121 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS – AT A GLANCE

TABLE 122 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS – KEY FINANCIAL SUMMARY

TABLE 123 MOUNT SINAI GENOMICS INC. – AT A GLANCE

 

LIST OF FIGURES

 

FIG 1 RESEARCH SCOPE

FIG 2 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH BY METHOD

FIG 3 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH BY REGION

FIG 4 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH BY INDUSTRY PARTICIPANT

FIG 5 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH BY COMPANY TYPE

FIG 6 BREAKDOWN OF PRIMARY RESEARCH BY COMPANY AND DESIGNATION

FIG 7 DATA TRIANGULATION APPROACH

FIG 8 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SUMMARY

FIG 9 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS

FIG 10 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS

FIG 11 INTENSITY OF RIVALRY

FIG 12 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS

FIG 13 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES

FIG 14 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 15 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 16 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 17 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 18 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY REGION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 19 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIG 20 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 21 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 22 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 23 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 24 NORTH AMERICA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 25 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIG 26 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 27 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 28 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 29 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 30 EUROPE CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 31 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIG 32 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 33 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 34 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 35 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 36 APAC CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 37 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIG 38 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 39 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 40 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 41 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 42 LATAM CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 43 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SNAPSHOT

FIG 44 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TYPE, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 45 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY END USER, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 46 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY APPLICATION, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 47 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 48 MEA CARRIER SCREENING MARKET, BY COUNTRY, $M (2019–2030)

FIG 49 GLOBAL CARRIER SCREENING MARKET SHARE OF KEY PLAYERS (2023)

FIG 50 INVITAE CORPORATION – REVENUE SPLIT BY GEOGRAPHY (2023)

FIG 51 ILLUMINA INC. – REVENUE SPLIT BY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AND GEOGRAPHY (2023)

FIG 52 THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC. – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2023)

FIG 53 MYRIAD GENETICS INC. – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT (2023)

FIG 54 LUMINEX CORPORATION – REVENUE SPLIT BY GEOGRAPHY (2023)

FIG 55 NATERA INC. – REVENUE SPLIT BY GEOGRAPHY (2023)

FIG 56 LABORATORY CORPORATION OF AMERICA HOLDINGS – REVENUE SPLIT BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHY (2023)